SECTION 1
Read the information below and answer Questions 1-7
"Volunteers" & "Camping in the bush"
VOLUNTEERS’
Thank you for volunteering to work one‐on‐one with some of the students at our school who need extra help
SMOKING POLICY
Smoking is prohibited by law in the classrooms and anywhere on the school grounds.
SAFETY AND HEALTH
Volunteers are responsible for their own personal safety and should notify the school of any preexisting medical conditions. Prescription and any other medications that you normally carry with you must be handed into the school nurse on arrival and collected on departure. If you require them, the nurse will dispense them to you in her office.
SIGN IN
A signing book is located at office reception. Please sign this register every time you come to the school. This is important for insurance purposes and emergency situations. After signing the book, collect a Visitor’s badge from the office. This must be worn at all times when you are on school premises. Remember to return the badge afterwards.
MESSAGES
Teachers will communicate with volunteers via telephone, email or messages left at the office. Always ask for messages. You may communicate with teachers in the same way – the preferred method is to leave a memo in the relevant teacher’s pigeonhole. These can be found at the end of the corridor in the staffroom block.
WORK HOURS
we understand that your time commitment is entirely voluntary and therefore flexible. If your personal schedule should change and this affects your availability, please contact the Coordinator for Volunteers at the school on extension 402; alternatively, you could drop into her office situated in F block.
ROLE OF THE COORDINATOR
The Coordinator is responsible for matching volunteer tutors with students, organizing tutorial rooms, ensuring student attendance and overseeing volunteer tutor training. If you encounter any problems, contact her as above.
Questions 1–7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text above?
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1. As a volunteer, you will be helping students individually.
2. You may smoke in the playground.
3. You cannot take any medicine while at the school.
4. If you forget to sign the register, you won’t be insured for accidents.
5. The best way of communicating with teachers is in writing.
6. You can choose your own hours of work.
7. The coordinator keeps student attendance rolls.
Read the text below and answer Questions 8‐14.
CAMPING IN THE BUSH
MINIMAL IMPACT BUSH WALKING
Responsible campers observe minimal impact bush walking practices. This is a code of ethics and behavior aimed at preserving the natural beauty of bush walking areas.
PLANNING
Good planning is the key to safe and successful camping trips. Obtaining a camping permit in advance of leaving to camp out overnight in a national park is obligatory. Bookings are also compulsory for some parks. There could be limits on group sizes in some parks. Occasionally campsites may be closed owing to bush‐fire danger or for other reasons. Always obtain permission from the owner prior to crossing private property.
EQUIPMENT
As well as your usual bush walking gear, you will need the right equipment for camping. A fuel stove and fuel for cooking is essential: not only is it safer, faster and cleaner; but it is easier to use in wet weather. It is recommended that you pitch a freestanding tent which requires few pegs and therefore has less ecological impact. Take a sleeping mat, if you have one, to put your sleeping bag on for a more comfortable night’s sleep. You will also need a hand trowel to bury human waste – for proper sanitation and hygiene.
CAMPFIRES
The traditional campfire actually causes a huge amount of environmental damage. If you gather firewood, you are removing the vital habitat of insects, reptiles, birds and small mammals. When campfires lead to bush‐fires, they create enormous danger to native bush inhabitants and bush‐walkers alike and result in destruction of the environment. Under no circumstances should you light a fire in the bush.
CAMPSITES
Erect your tent at an existing site if possible; otherwise try to find a spot where you won’t damage vegetation. Never cut branches or move rocks or disturb the soil unnecessarily. Aim to leave your campsite as you found it or even cleaner.
RUBBISH
Remove all rubbish – carry it out with you. Don’t attempt to burn or bury rubbish because this creates a fire hazard and/or disturbs the soil. Animals can dig up buried rubbish and scatter it about. Never feed the local wildlife – carry out all food scraps as these disturb the natural nutrient balance and can create weed problems.
WALK SAFELY
Keep on the track. Wear footwear suitable for the terrain. Take a map.
Questions 8–14
The passage refers to three ways in which campers should behave.
Classify the following behaviors as something that campers
A must do
B may do
C must not do
8. Get the landowner’s consent before walking across his land
9. Use a sleeping mat
10. Make a campfire in the bush
11. Feed the birds
12. Use a freestanding tent
13. Dig a hole to bury rubbish in
14. Get authorization before setting out to camp in a national park
SECTION 2
Read the information below and answer Questions 15-21
Clubs For Students
There are a variety of Clubs which provide social and cultural activities for those wishing to meet others with similar interests from the same or from different national backgrounds.
A. Commonwealth Trust
Organised discussion meetings, learned talks, cultural events excursions to places of interest and invitations to major British diary events Open to overseas visitors and students.
B. Charles Peguy Centre
French youth centre providing advice, support and information to young Europeans aged between 18-30. Facilities include an information and advice service regarding education, work placement and general welfare rights. Moreover the centre holds a database of jobs, accommodation and au pair placements specifically in London. Members may use a fax machine, a copier and computers for CVs.
Hours Monday: 14.00-17.00
Tuesday-Friday: 10.00-17.00
Membership: £35 per year, plus £5 per month.
C. Kensington Committee of Friendship for Overseas Students
KCOF is the society for young people from all countries. Each month there are some 40 parties, discos, visits to theatres, concerts, walks and other gatherings where you will be able to meet lots of people. A new programme is sent each month directly to members (£5 to join in October, less later in the year). Events are free or at low, often reduced prices. Office open 10.30-17.30 weekdays only
D. Royal Overseas League
Open 365 days per year, this is a club with facilities in London and Edinburgh with restaurants, bars and accommodation. There are branches around the world and 57 reciprocal clubs world-wide. Quarterly magazine, literary lectures, annual music and art competitions, and summer and winter programme of events for members. Membership fees overseas students aged 17-24 £47 per year + initial joining fee £23.50; others £70 per year + initial joining fee £35 (half price after July). Further information from the Membership Secretary.
E. YMCA London Central
Facilities include photography, art drama, pottery, language courses, badminton, squash, exercise to music, circuit training, sports clinic, fitness testing and other activities.
Hours weekdays 07.00-22.30, weekends 10.00-21.00. Membership fees: aged 16-17 £25 per year plus attendance charge of £1 30 per visit; aged 18-19 £213 per year; aged 20-25 £366 per year
F. London InterVarsity Club (IVC)
IVC is an activities and social club with a varied range of events, from cycling and drama to windsurfing and yoga. Most members are young English professionals, but overseas visitors are welcome. The club arranges restaurant meals, dancing and parties, weekends away around Britain, plus a weekly club night in a Covent Garden bar. There are usually over 25 different events every week run by IVG members for IVC members. To find out more, telephone the club or write (Freepost) to the office.
G. Central Club
Provides accommodation and club facilities. No membership fee. Coffee shop open for all meals swimming pool (open 06.00), multigym, hairdressing salon.
Questions 15-21
Which club would you contact for each of the requirements below?
NB : You may use each letter more than once.
15. You would like to take Spanish classes.
16. You want to join a club that has international branches.
17. You would like an opportunity to speak in public.
18. You would like to take part in amateur theatrical productions.
19. You want to visit some famous sites with a group of other students.
20. You are interested in finding out about part-time work.
21. You want to meet some English people who have started their careers.
Read the information below and answer Questions 22-27
International Students House
International Students House is a unique club and accommodation centre for British and overseas students in London. It is located in the heart of London’s West End and is close to all public transport facilities.
ACCOMMODATION
comfortable accommodation for up to 450 people in single, twin, ¾ bedded and multi bedded rooms
44 self contained flats for married students and families
long and short stays welcomed
MEMBERSHIP
Club membership is open to all full time students, professional trainees, student nurses and au pairs. Membership costs are kept to an absolute minimum to enable the widest possible access. You can join for as little as one month and for up to one year at a time. Membership entitles you to use the various facilities of the House. It has:
restaurants
student bars and coffee shop
study rooms
clubs and societies
aerobics and fitness training
discos, dance, jazz and cinema
travel and excursions and much more!
The best way to check out all we have on offer is to drop in any Tuesday evening between 7.15 pm and 8.30 pm for Open House in the Club Room. This is an opportunity for you to meet the staff and other club members, enjoy a free cup of coffee and find out all about what’s going on. You can take advantage of special membership offers. (Useful tip: bring along 3 passport size photographs if you wish to take out membership.)
ADVICE SERVICE
Thanks to the support of STA Travel and in association with LCOS (the London Conference on Overseas Students) International Students House now provides the service of an International Students Adviser. This new welfare service is open to all students at London’s bonafide academic institutions. It aims to provide welfare support to help students overcome any personal or practical difficulties they may be experiencing whilst studying in Britain. One of the key features of the Advice Service is that the Adviser can be seen during the evenings until about 8 pm, Monday to Thursday.
CHRISTMAS & NEW YEAR
Unable to get home for Christmas? How about joining in the fun at International Students House! Check out our special programme of activity taking place over the Christmas period. Even come and stay the House will be offering reduced accommodation rates for students wishing to spend a few days in London over Christmas. We’ll also have an exciting New Year’s Eve party so come and join us and ring in the new year in the spirit of internationalism.
Questions 22-27
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text above?
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
22. The club has long-term dormitory accommodation.
23. Membership must be renewed monthly.
24. The club provides subsidised restaurant meals.
25. The club is open to non-members on Tuesday evenings.
26. STA Travel help finance the Students Adviser.
27. The services of the Students Adviser are free to all club members.
SECTION 3
Read the text below and answer Questions 28‐40
Olefin Fiber: A New Dimension in Textiles
A: By definition, textile refers to a flexible material made up of either natural or artificial fibers. Usually, a textile is produced by spinning raw fibers on a spinning wheel and converting them into long strands of thread or yarn. Textile fibers used to be broadly categorized as: animal fiber – those which are made up of animal hair and fur or plant fiber ‐ those which are derived from plants. The invention of olefin fiber, however, added a new dimension to the traditional categories of textile fibers.
B: Olefin fiber is a complex fiber made from alkenes, which, in organic chemistry, are ‘unsaturated chemical compounds made up of carbon’. The properties of olefin partially reflect the properties of synthetics, which is why it is defined as a ‘chemically manipulated synthetic fiber’. Two properties of olefin that match the properties of synthetics are that it is man‐made and its production involves the amalgamation of a set of different fibers.
C: The discovery of olefin was due to extensive research first undertaken in Italy. In 1957, the Textile Research Laboratory of Italy began experiments to find a liquid solution that would coat fibers in such a way that the textiles made from those fibers would become strong enough to be used in the production of clothing. The scientists at the laboratory noticed that chemical ingredients, consisting mostly of carbon, showed a tendency to create strong bonds with cotton and thus, could be treated as a ‘knitting ingredient’ rather than a ‘coating ingredient’. The initial testing of olefin yielded favorable results but surprisingly, only a few leading textile manufacturing firms in Italy profited from larger‐scale manufacturing and sales. Encouraged by the modest success in Italy, the USA was one of the earliest adopters of olefin and began commercial manufacturing on a sizable scale in 1960. Today, olefin fiber is produced in over 10 countries around the world and accounts for 16% of all textile fibers manufactured worldwide.
D: Textile researchers view the invention of olefin as important due to its strength, thickness and low specific gravity ‐ all of which ensured that the fibbers were strong without being overly heavy. Before the invention of olefin, textiles that were strong were also quite heavy, and a heavy textile meant it was less comfortable for the wearer and involved higher carriage costs from mills to marketplaces. During the 1990s, scientists in the USA improved upon both the manufacturing process and construction of olefin fibers so that they were able to absorb some moisture ‐ an aspect which was missing from the initial forms of olefin. With improvements in colorfastness, greater strength and the ability to resist sunlight, there have been even greater advances in the production of olefin in recent times.
E: Despite significant advantages, two major disadvantages of olefin are that it does not dye well and it is expensive to produce. The first disadvantage is due to the production process; the fibers are bonded at such high temperatures that the addition of color is impeded. Olefin fibers can only absorb select light colors like white, off‐white and light yellow. However, it is possible to add darker colors by making the bonds weaker, the trade‐off being that the threads lose some of their strength. From a functional point of view, strength is more important than color. The second disadvantage of olefin is the hydro‐ spinning mill setup and thermal control equipment that are required in the manufacturing process ‐ both are very expensive to install and maintain.
F: Worldwide, olefin is used in the apparel, home furnishing and automotive industries. In the apparel industry, comfortable but expensive activewear can be made of olefin, particularly in the area of professional swimming. Although olefin is very warm, winter clothes are not typically made from it due to its high manufacturing price. In the home furnishing industry, olefin is often used to produce carpets, carpet tiles and other floor coverings. In expensive automobiles, interior coverings and sun visors are often made of olefin.
G: Unlike numerous manufacturers of traditional textiles, there are very few olefin manufacturers around the world. Today, most olefin production firms are based in the USA, England and China. In the global marketplace, China has been able to export the most olefin. China’s low labour cost has enabled the country to offer olefin textiles to the global market at a comparatively low price.
H:British scientists, in collaboration with some giant European textile manufacturing companies, are now conducting extensive research to reduce olefin production costs. The challenge is to decrease the production costs without losing any of the unique properties of the textile. If the research is successful, then olefin may become a regular component of everyday clothing.
Questions 28 - 32
The passage has eight paragraphs A‐H. Which paragraph mentions the following information?
NB You may use any letter more than once.
28. the machines used to produce olefin
29. the benefit of olefin over other textiles
30. an expected outcome once the cost of making olefin is reduced
31. a change in the classification of textile fibres
32. various commercial uses of olefins
Questions 33‐36
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
33. What is the main chemical in olefin?
34. In which country was olefin first used commercially?
35. Who is particularly interested in the weight and strength of olefin?
36. In addition to fibre construction, what other improvement occurred in the 1990s?
Questions 37‐40
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text above?
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
37. In the 1990s, olefin production costs were reduced.
38. High production temperatures cause reduced color in olefin fibers.
39. Lighter colored olefin is not as strong as darker colored olefin.
40. China currently leads the world in olefin production
ANSWERS:
1- True
2- False
3- False
4- Not Given
5- True
6- True
7- True
8- A
9- B
10- C
11- C
12- B
13- C
14- A
15- E
16- D
17- A
18- E
19- A
20- B
21- F
22- True
23- False
24- NotGiven
25- True
26- True
27- NotGiven
28- E
29- D
30- H
31- A
32- F
33- Carbon
34- Italy
35- Textile researchers
36- the manufacturing process
37- NotGiven
38- True
39- False
40- NotGiven
